军民协同创新中知识产权归属问题研究

军民协同创新活动中,知识产权归属问题是影响协同创新成效的重要因素。据此,提出计划主导、计划市场共同作用和市场主导3种军民协同创新模式,分析了军民协同创新知识产权归属的主要问题。计划主导、计划市场共同作用、市场主导3种模式下的知识产权归属应分别坚持“平衡利益、鼓励创新”、“注重效率、侧重长远”、“经济效率优先”原则,相应地采取“法律规范、兼顾合约”、“章程式契约”、“尊重市场、契约优先”的思路进行制度设计。同时,还要从军民融合深度发展战略、知识产权保护环境、配套政策举措、法律制度等方面提供外部环境保障和激励。     

最终控制人性质、会计信息质量与公司投资效率——来自中国上市公司的经验证据

结合Bushman和Smith的研究框架与我国新兴加转轨的制度背景,以我国沪深上市公司为研究样本,实证发现,会计信息质量与私人产权控股公司、国有资产管理部门和地方所属国有企业控股上市公司的投资过度显著负相关,且这种负相关性在它们间无明显差异;会计信息质量与私人产权控股投资不足显著负相关,但与国有资产管理部门、地方所属国有企业控股上市公司的中央直属国有企业控股上市公司的投资不足负相关性不显著。因此,本文的政策建议是加快完善我国上市公司财务报告和信息披露系统的市场基础设施建设,以更好地发挥会计信息在公司资本配置中的作用。     

Ownership and capital structure in Latin America

This study evaluates the capital-structure determinants of Latin American firms using a comprehensive sample covering seven countries. Firms in the region have debt levels similar to those of U.S. firms, which is puzzling, given that Latin American firms experience relatively lower tax benefits and higher bankruptcy costs. This study argues that ownership-concentrated firms avoid issuing equity because they do not want to share control rights. Latin American firms have high ownership concentration, which creates an ideal setting to study how ownership concentration explains firms' capital structure. Consistent with the control argument, this study finds a positive relation between leverage and ownership concentration, when losing control becomes an issue. Also, the study shows a positive relation between leverage and growth. In addition, the study reports that other determinants that do not proxy for control rights are consistent with previous findings. Firms that are larger, have more tangible assets, and are less profitable are also more leveraged.     

Antecedents of growth through mergers and acquisitions: Empirical results from Belgium

This paper empirically investigates the antecedents of growth through mergers and acquisitions (M&As) in a typical continental European country, Belgium. The article reports on a study using data on 484 private and listed bidders engaging in 990 M&As during 1997-2007, and matches this sample with companies that did not pursue any external growth. By analyzing firm characteristics, industry, and aggregate financial market variables, the study can also discern the motives that are important in the decision to acquire. The results show that neither the firm's cash position nor its cash-generating abilities influence its choice to grow externally. Yet, intangible assets affect the M&A decision positively, whereas ownership concentration and bank loans have a negative effect. In industries where incumbents are operating at a lower scale and in more highly concentrated industries, the odds of firms participating in M&As are larger. Industry deregulation, industry growth, and financial market conditions have no influence. These findings are largely comparable across listed and private firms. Yet, the data do reveal that the operating scale of industry incumbents and industry concentration matter only in horizontal and domestic takeover decisions.     

Corporate Governance,Dividend Status,Ownership Structure,and the Performance of Greek Seasoned Equity Offerings

We examine the short-term and long-term share-price behaviour surrounding the announcement of seasoned equity offerings (SEOs) by firms listed on the Athens Stock Exchange. (ASE) The idiosyncrasies of the ASE make for an interesting investigation of SEO announcements in relation to the effect of corporate governance mechanisms, ownership structure, and dividend-paying status. We examine changes in leverage and systematic risk, as well as the long-term share price and operating performance of those firms involved in a SEO. We report significant share-price appreciations on SEO announcement day. We find a share-price rally before the announcement of SEOs and subsequent share-price reversals. Our results suggest that corporate governance structures, dividend status, and ownership concentration enhance the information content of SEOs. Finally, we report evidence that the long-term operating performance and the capital structure of firms announcing a SEO deteriorates for up to two years following the announcement.     

所有制结构变迁影响城乡收入差距的实证检验——基于面板协整的方法

所有制结构变迁是居民收入差距的根本原因,利用1995-2008年30个地区的数据进行面板协整检验表明：国有经济、集体经济与城乡收入差距存在协整关系,公有制经济和非公有制经济分别与城乡收入差距也存在协整关系;国有经济、公有制经济能缩小城乡收入的差距,而集体经济和非公有制经济则扩大城乡收入的差距。     

管理者过度自信、市场竞争与商业信用

基于行为金融视角,考量沪深两市2007～2011年上市公司管理者过度自信与商业信用的关系。结果表明,管理者过度自信与提供的商业信用正相关。民企面临的市场竞争大于国企,使得过度自信的管理者会提供更多的商业信用,而国有企业不存在这样的关系;同时,在竞争行业与管制行业之间,也表现出这种显著性关系。     

治理环境、股权结构与投资者关系管理

本文以2005年度中国上市公司投资者关系管理水平作为研究对象,考察了在中国证券市场上,治理环境、股权结构对投资者关系管理活动的影响.研究发现:在治理环境越好的地区,上市公司投资者关系管理活动水平越高,股权集中度与投资者关系管理水平显著负相关,第二大股东至第五大股东对控股股东的制衡作用有限,对投资者关系管理作用不显著;在政府控制的上市公司中,投资者关系管理水平较低;并且,治理环境对股权结构的治理效应具有互补的调节作用,降低股权集中度与投资者关系管理的负向效应,增强股权制衡度与投资者关系管理的正向关系;终极控制人性质不同的上市公司投资者关系管理水平受治理环境的影响存在着差异性.上述结论在一系列稳健性检验后仍成立.研究结论有助于进一步了解中国上市公司治理机制尤其是投资者关系管理的驱动因素,深化对一国内部的治理环境如何影响治理机制的研究积累.     

政府控制、终极控制人与上市公司债务期限结构

本文在代理理论框架下,基于我国政府干预的制度背景,以2004-2006年A股上市公司为样本研究了终极控制人与其所控制的上市公司债务期限结构选择的关系.实证检验结果表明:国有企业性质的终极控制人所控制的上市公司长期负债比例偏高.进一步区分不同行政级别的政府终极控制人进行回归,发现政府终极控制人的行政级别越低,企业长期债务比例越高.另外,通过对不同控股方式的样本公司分别进行回归分析的结果表明,在终极控制人通过复杂组织结构方式间接控制的上市公司中,终极控制人的不同产权性质及不同行政级别对上市公司长期债务选择的影响更加显著.上述研究发现,为认识政府控制和干预对企业财务决策的影响提供了更深入的证据,进而为厘清中国转轨经济进程中的政企关系提供了新的补充证据,并对理解不同组织结构方式的上市公司债务期限结构的差异性提供了一个新的视角.     

机构投资者持股和会计盈余质量

本文从会计盈余质量的角度来研究机构投资者(’在公司治理中的作用。我们从盈余管理程度、盈余信息含量和盈余稳健性等三个方面来衡量会计盈余的质量。三方面的研究结果显示,机构投资者持股有助于改善会计盈余的质量:机构投资者持股公司的会计盈余质量显著高于其他公司,并且会计盈余的质量随着机构投资者持股比例的增加而增加。进一步研究发现,机构投资者还能够缓解大股东对会计盈余信息含量的恶化,起到一定的制衡作用。本文的研究表明,机构投资者能够在一定程度上改善上市公司的盈余质量,其快速成长有助于公司治理结构的改善,也有助于资本市场信息披露环境的良性发展。